Condensation on windows: inside, between the panes or outside?
Before you buy a dehumidifier or call a glazier, check exactly where the water is. Touch the glass: if your finger comes away wet from the room side, it's indoor condensation. If it stays dry but the glass still looks misty, the moisture is between the panes or outside.
Indoor condensation
Your room air holds enough moisture to reach dew point on the glass. Usually fixable — see the inside section below and run the full assessment to see which change helps most.
Failed sealed unit
The seal around the double-glazed unit has broken. No amount of ventilation will clear it. Get a quote to replace the glass unit — usually not the whole window.
Normal external condensation
Efficient glazing keeps its outer pane cold, so dew forms on clear, still nights. No action needed — it clears as the morning warms up.
Room air leaking into the cavity
Moist room air is getting past the secondary panel. Improve the seal on the inner (secondary) panel and keep the outer window able to breathe.
1. Condensation on the inside of windows
This is by far the most common type. Glass is usually the coldest surface in a room, so it's the first place indoor moisture shows up. It's typically worst first thing in the morning in bedrooms (two sleeping adults breathe out roughly half a litre of water overnight), and after showers or cooking.
Why it gathers at the bottom of the glass
The edges of a double-glazed unit are colder than the centre, because the spacer bar between the panes conducts heat. Cold air also sinks down the glass, so the bottom edge is coldest of all. Modern "warm edge" spacers reduce this but don't remove it.
Is a little condensation normal?
A thin strip on cold mornings that clears within an hour or two is common in UK homes, especially with older double glazing. It becomes a problem when water runs onto the sill, the seals and reveals go black, or it lasts most of the day. Wipe it off rather than leaving it to soak into timber or plaster.
What it tells you about your walls
If the glass is wet, the air near it is at 100% humidity. Corners, reveals and the wall behind furniture may be well above 80% at the same time — enough for mould without any visible water. Check those spots too.
2. Condensation between the panes of double glazing
A sealed unit is two (or three) panes bonded to a spacer filled with a desiccant that keeps the gap dry. When the seal fails, humid air gets in, the desiccant saturates and the inside of the unit mists over — often in a pattern that comes and goes with the weather.
- It's not caused by your room humidity, and a dehumidifier or extra ventilation won't clear it.
- The fix is a replacement sealed unit. A glazier can usually fit a new unit into the existing frame, which costs far less than a new window.
- Check any guarantee. Units are often guaranteed for 10 years; FENSA or CERTASS paperwork from the installation may help.
- "Demisting" services that drill and dry the unit exist, but the insulating gas has gone and the result is usually less durable than a new unit.
3. Condensation on the outside of windows
Dew on the outer face forms on clear, calm nights when the glass radiates heat to the sky and cools below the outdoor dew point. It's more likely with modern low-emissivity double or triple glazing precisely because so little heat escapes from inside to warm the outer pane. It's harmless and clears as the sun comes up.
4. Secondary glazing
With secondary glazing you have a room-side panel and the original window. If moisture forms on the inside of the original window, room air is getting past the secondary panel. The general principle used in historic-building guidance is: make the inner (room-side) layer the tighter one, and let the outer layer breathe to the outside. Add or renew seals on the secondary panel; don't seal up the old window's gaps.
5. Fixes that work — and ones that don't
| Fix | Helps with | Watch out for |
|---|---|---|
| Open trickle vents, keep them open | Inside condensation | Small heat cost; they need to be clean and unobstructed |
| Extract fans run long enough (15–20 min after use) | Bathrooms, kitchens | Many fans move far less air than rated; test with a sheet of tissue |
| Dry laundry outside or in a vented/heat-pump dryer | Whole-home humidity | Each load dried indoors adds roughly 1.5–2.5 litres of water |
| Dehumidifier | Room humidity | Running cost; capacity drops in cold rooms |
| Steadier, slightly warmer heating | Glass and wall temperatures | Raises the dew-point margin but doesn't remove water |
| Thicker curtains drawn tight overnight | — | Can make it worse: the glass behind gets colder and the air behind them stagnant |
| Window cling film / moisture-absorbing crystals | Very little | A tub of crystals absorbs a fraction of what one person breathes out overnight |
| Replacement glazing | Warmer glass | New windows are more airtight — condensation can move to walls unless ventilation is provided |
To see which of these matters most in your room, use the full assessment. It calculates the glass, edge and wall temperatures together and recalculates combinations of fixes as a package.